Synovial Sarcoma: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft tissue cancer. It usually develops in the tissues surrounding the joints, especially in the cells surrounding the joint capsule called the synovial membrane. Although it is mostly seen in young individuals, it can occur in any age group. Since synovial sarcoma is a malignant tumor, it tends to spread to surrounding tissues and distant organs.

Causes and Risk Factors of Synovial Sarcoma

The exact cause of synovial sarcoma is unknown. However, some genetic and environmental factors may play a role:

• Genetic Factors: A genetic abnormality called the X;18 translocation is seen in most cases of synovial sarcoma.
• Age: It is usually more common in individuals between the ages of 15 and 40.
• Gender: It is slightly more common in men than in women.
• Environmental Factors: Radiation therapy or occupational factors may increase the risk of synovial sarcoma.

Synovial Sarcoma Symptoms

Synovial sarcoma symptoms are usually as follows:

• Swelling or Mass: A painless mass or swelling may occur in the joints.
• Pain: Tumor As it grows, it can press on surrounding tissues and cause pain.
• Movement Limitation: The tumor can prevent the joint from moving.
• General Symptoms: Symptoms such as weakness, loss of appetite and fever are rarely seen.

Diagnosis of Synovial Sarcoma

The methods used to diagnose synovial sarcoma are as follows:

• Physical Examination: The doctor evaluates the swelling and other symptoms.
• Imaging Methods: The location and spread of the tumor are examined using X-ray, MRI, CT scan and PET scan.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of Synovial Sarcoma

Treatment options depend on the stage of the tumor and the patient's condition:

• Surgical Intervention: Surgical removal of the tumor is the first choice. In some cases, joint-preserving surgery or prosthesis use may be required.
• Radiotherapy: Can be applied before or after surgery and is used when surgery is not possible.
• Chemotherapy: Applied to prevent the spread of cancer cells.
• Targeted Therapy: Genetic-focused treatment methods are under investigation.

Prognosis of Synovial Sarcoma

The prognosis is generally better in synovial sarcoma diagnosed early. However, the treatment process may be more difficult in cases that have metastasized.

Conclusion

Although synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer, it is possible to improve quality of life with early diagnosis and correct treatment. If you notice any symptoms, you should consult a doctor immediately.